μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ

ζύμη, ης, ἡ (‘yeast, leaven’ Aristot., Gen. An. 3, 4, 755a, 18ff; Plut., Mor. 289f; PTebt 375, 27; LXX; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 291; 2, 182; Jos., Ant. 3, 252; Just., D. 14, 3; cp. 14, 2 [1 Cor 5:8?])

① fermented dough, leaven (the rendering ‘yeast’ [as NRSV gener., REB Mt 13:33, Lk 13:21] popularly suggests a product foreign to ancient baking practice), lit. Mt 13:33; Lk 13:21. More fully ζ. τῶν ἄρτων Mt 16:12. μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ a little leaven ferments the whole lump of dough 1 Cor 5:6 (Cyranides p. 64, 22 μετὰ ζύμης μικρᾶς)=Gal 5:9, shown by its repeated use to be a proverbial saying, serves to picture the influence of apparently insignificant factors in the moral and relig. sphere (on neg. aspect s. HBetz, Gal., Hermeneia 266 n. 125).

② that which negatively permeates attitude or behavior, leaven fig. ext. of 1: ζ. is used of the attitudes of Pharisees and of Herod Mk 8:15. Of the pretense of Pharisees Lk 12:1. Of the teaching of Pharisees and Sadducees Mt 16:6, 11. In IMg 10:2 the leaven that has grown old and sour means a life regulated by Judean cultic instruction. It is contrasted w. Jesus Christ, the νέα ζ., ibid. Employing the language of the Passover rules (Ex 12:15, 19; 13:7; Dt 16:3f), Paul admonishes ἐκκαθάρατε τ. παλαιὰν ζ. 1 Cor 5:7 and explains that the old leaven is ζ. κακίας κ. πονηρίας vs. 8 (on problems connected w. the imagery s. Straub 80f).—RAC I 1056–62.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ζῡμ-όω, ζύμη)

A leaven,

μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζ. 1 Ep.Cor.5.6

:—[voice] Pass., to be leavened, ferment, LXX Ex.12.34,39, Plu.2.659b, etc.; of digestion,

τὰ μέλανα -οῦται Hp.Acut.61

; [κοιλίη] ἐζυμωμένη in a ferment, Id.VM11.

2 cause to effervesce,

γῆν Gal.10.964

, Aët.1 Praef.:—[voice] Pass., ζυμουμένη [χύτρα] Alex.124.8.

φύραμα, ατος, τό (fr. φυράω ‘to mix substances’)

① that which is mixed/kneaded, mixture/batch of dough (Aristot., Probl. 21, 18, 929a, 25; Plut., Mor. 693e; PTebt 401, 27 [I A.D.]; Num 15:20f) μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ 1 Cor 5:6; Gal 5:9 (ζύμη 1). On Ro 11:16 cp. Num 15:20f. Metaph. (Philo, Sacr. Abel. 108): the Christians are to be νέον φύραμα fresh dough containing no leaven 1 Cor 5:7 (cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 158 φυράμαπα ἄζυμα; cp. the warning against toleration of fornicators in the congregation).

② the dough-like mixture fr. which potters make their wares, lump (Plut., Mor. 811c) Ro 9:21.—B. 360. DELG s.v. φύρω. M-M.

     ζυμόω

     ζῡμόω

    1) квасить

    

μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ погов. NT. — малая закваска заквашивает все тесто

    2) pass. киснуть, бродить Plut.

     φύραμα

     φύρᾱμα

    - ατος (ῡ) τό

    1) тесто Arst.

    

μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φ. ζυμοῖ погов. NT. — малая закваска квасит все тесто

    2) смесь

    

(ἀέρος καὴ πυρός Plut.)

    3) pl. замазка, известка или цемент

    

(φυράματα καὴ λίθοι Plut.)